Definition
The predicted and achieved distance and energy performance of an aircraft from the applicable landing reference through a complete stop or safe runway exit.
Why it matters
Planning assumptions can become invalid when speed, touchdown point, runway state, wind, or stopping devices differ from the assessment.
Questions that turn reading into a defensible review
A strong review separates the event description, possible precursors, recorded evidence, approved criteria, and the final safety decision.
What exactly is being examined?
The predicted and achieved distance and energy performance of an aircraft from the applicable landing reference through a complete stop or safe runway exit.
Which conditions could build the exposure?
Incorrect or stale inputs; Tailwind, contamination, excess speed, or long touchdown.
What evidence would strengthen the picture?
Speed and threshold crossing Touchdown location
What must remain authoritative?
Current approved aircraft data, operator procedures, investigation findings, and the source document’s own scope control any operational conclusion.
Timeline, aircraft state, relationships, and recurrence
Radio altitude, Calibrated airspeed, Ground spoiler position, Thrust reverser status, Brake pressure, Landing gear status can contribute to a synchronized event picture when their mappings, units, sampling, and flight-phase logic are validated.
Cause, intent, compliance, and technical disposition
An FDM alert or pattern is not by itself a causal finding, judgement of individual performance, regulatory conclusion, or aircraft maintenance and airworthiness determination.
Reports, approved criteria, context, and authoritative evidence
Combine the recorded picture with applicable procedures, crew and operational reports, weather or airport information, technical evidence, and the linked official publications and investigation sources.
Landing distance budget
Speed, touchdown, runway, and device delays each consume stopping margin.
Common causes and precursors
- →
Incorrect or stale inputs
- →
Tailwind, contamination, excess speed, or long touchdown
- →
Late spoiler, reverse, or braking action
Operational risks
- R1
Runway excursion
- R2
Brake overheating
- R3
Unstable approach continuation
Guidance themes
These are cross-source themes for orientation. Apply only the current, approved material for the aircraft and operation.
- Use approved performance tools and current reports
- Reassess when conditions change
- Preserve a clear go-around margin
Safety actions to consider
Audit input quality
Compare planned versus achieved markers
Feed airport/runway trends into risk assessment
Parameters that help explain the event
A useful event picture comes from signal relationships—not a single exceedance or a generic threshold.
Radio altitude
Radio altitude provides the low-height reference needed to align approach gates, flare, touchdown, warning, and go-around events.
Open parameter guide ↗ktCalibrated airspeed
Speed relative to the applicable target and configuration is central to energy management, approach stability, runway performance, and stall margin.
Open parameter guide ↗deg or discreteGround spoiler position
Timely deployment supports braking effectiveness; partial, asymmetric, late, or retracted states can change landing performance.
Open parameter guide ↗discrete or %Thrust reverser status
Reverser selection and deployment timing help explain deceleration performance, asymmetry, and crew response after touchdown.
Open parameter guide ↗psi, bar, or %Brake pressure
Brake application timing and symmetry help evaluate stopping action, system response, and directional control.
Open parameter guide ↗discreteLanding gear status
Gear and weight-on-wheels transitions anchor takeoff, touchdown, bounce, go-around, braking, spoiler, and reverser logic.
Open parameter guide ↗Recommended monitoring questions
Speed and threshold crossing
Touchdown location
Stopping-device timing and deceleration
Cases that add context
ASIP provides a concise learning index. The investigation authority report remains the definitive source.
Editor-reviewed starting points
These records include a deeper ASIP editorial review. Continue to the full evidence index below for direct matches and broader manufacturer, regulator, and investigation reading.
AC 91-79B — Aircraft Landing Performance and Runway Excursion Mitigation
This FAA circular brings together landing-performance planning, time-of-arrival assessment, RCAM information, and operational practices for reducing runway-excursion risk.
Official sourceTitle or indexed metadata explicitly matches this topic.
Related collection material for adjacent systems, phases, and defenses.
Manufacturer, regulator, investigation, and safety-organization sources.
Where the reading comes from
67 source records
Official links · no copied report files67 source records match the current evidence filters.
AC 91-79B — Aircraft Landing Performance and Runway Excursion Mitigation
This FAA circular brings together landing-performance planning, time-of-arrival assessment, RCAM information, and operational practices for reducing runway-excursion risk.
Open official sourceSafety Alert SA-077 — Stabilized Approaches Lead to Safe Landings
The NTSB alert highlights the need to establish and maintain a stabilized approach and to go around when an approach falls outside applicable criteria.
Open official sourceAirbus Brake Testing
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceAirbus New Operational Landing Distances
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for approach and landing. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceBraking system cross connections
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for runway safety and airworthiness and systems. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceIs it a Loss of Braking?
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceNTSB Safety Alert SA-071 — Do Your Takeoff Homework; Runway Length Matters - Understanding the Potential Hazards of Intersection Takeoffs
Official U.S. National Transportation Safety Board material indexed for approach and landing and takeoff. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceOperational Landing Distances
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for approach and landing. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceSAFO 23001 — Potential Damage to Nose Landing Gear (NLG) by Improper Towing Procedures of the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Regional Jet (MHIRJ) (formerly Bombardier) CL-600-2B19, CL-600-2C10 and CL-600-2D24 Airplanes
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for approach and landing and ground operations. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceSAFO 22001 — SAFO 22001, Recommended Procedures for Operators of Boeing DC-9/MD-80 Series and B717 Model Airplanes When Wind/Ground Gusts Meet or Exceed Criteria Specified in the Applicable Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM)
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for weather and maintenance. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceSAFO 21004 — SAFO 21004, Air Traffic Control (ATC) Notification and Pilot Awareness When Conducting an Instrument Landing System (ILS) Autoland Procedure
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for approach and landing and human factors. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceSAFO 18009 — SAFO 18009, Risk of Runway Number Transposition Leading to a possible "Runway Overrun" During Takeoff at San Francisco International Airport ( SFO )
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for approach and landing and takeoff. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceSAFO 17011 — SAFO 17011, Runway Status Lights ( RWSL )
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for approach and landing and runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceSAFO 17012 — SAFO 17012, High Collision Risk During Runway Crossing
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for approach and landing and runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceSAFO 16008 — SAFO 16008, Reducing the Risk of Runway Excursions During Takeoff
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for approach and landing and takeoff. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceSAFO 16009 — SAFO 16009, Runway Assessment and Condition Reporting, Effective October 1, 2016
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for approach and landing and runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceSAFO 11004 — Runway Incursion Prevention Actions
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for approach and landing and runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceSAFO 11009 — Runway Status Lights ( RWSL ), for posting on the FAA public website for SAFOs
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for approach and landing and runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceLessons learned
1Performance begins before touchdown
2A calculation is only as good as its inputs and assumptions